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Mineral

Copper

Also known as: Copper glycinate, Copper bisglycinate, Copper citrate, Copper gluconate

A
Evidence

Essential trace mineral for iron metabolism, connective tissue, and antioxidant function. Often depleted by high zinc supplementation.

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Daily target & upper limit

0.9 mg / day · UL 10 mg

Copper has an established daily reference intake. See best forms, label synonyms, upper-limit warnings, and top-scoring supplements:

Copper dosage reference →

Primary uses

  • Immune cell energy
  • Iron metabolism
  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Connective tissue
  • Energy production
  • Antioxidant

How it works

  • Required for iron absorption and transport
  • Cofactor for lysyl oxidase (collagen)
  • Part of SOD antioxidant
  • Required for energy production

Dosage

Typical range
1-2mg daily
Timing
Separate from zinc by several hours
With food
Yes
Duration
Safe long-term at appropriate doses
Special populations
Those taking zinc, anemia, collagen support

Forms

  • Copper glycinate
  • Copper gluconate
  • Copper citrate
  • Capsule/tablet

Safety

Common side effects

  • Nausea if taken without food
  • GI upset

Contraindications

  • Wilson's disease
  • Copper overload conditions

Products containing Copper

Top-scoring supplements in our catalog that list Copper on the label. Each product is graded on Formulate's ingredient-level rubric — dose accuracy, form, transparency, and third-party testing.

Thorne
Copper Bisglycinate
98
Thorne
Thyroid Health Complex (formerly Thyrocsin)
94
Thorne
Basic Nutrients 2/Day
93
Thorne
Basic Prenatal
93
See all products →

Known interactions

Evidence notes

Essential trace mineral, important to balance with zinc

Grade A: Multiple well-designed human trials support the main claims.

Cited research for Copper

Clinical studies referenced across Formulate guides that mention copper. Each links to the full study page with PubMed source + the guides that cite it.

Related in Mineral

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Medical disclaimer. This page is educational and does not replace advice from a qualified healthcare provider.