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Vitamin

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Also known as: Vitamin B2, lactoflavin, ovoflavin, hepatoflavin

A
Evidence

Riboflavin is an essential B vitamin that functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism, antioxidant defense, and cellular respiration. Well-established supplementation supports normal energy production and may help prevent deficiency-related conditions.

Primary uses

  • Energy production and metabolism support
  • Migraine prevention
  • Red blood cell formation
  • Antioxidant defense
  • Deficiency prevention

How it works

  • Converted to FAD and FMN, essential cofactors for oxidoreductase enzymes
  • Supports mitochondrial electron transport chain
  • Participates in amino acid and fatty acid oxidation
  • Contributes to glutathione reductase activation in antioxidant systems

Dosage

Typical range
1.1–1.3 mg daily (RDA); 200–400 mg daily for migraine prevention
Timing
Any time of day; may be taken with meals for better tolerance
With food
Can be taken with or without food; water-soluble vitamin
Duration
Migraine prevention studies typically used 8–12 weeks duration; daily intake for ongoing support
Special populations
Pregnant/lactating women: 1.4–1.6 mg/day; higher doses generally well-tolerated across populations

Forms

  • capsule· 70/100
  • tablet· 70/100
  • powder· 70/100

Safety

Common side effects

  • Yellow discoloration of urine (harmless, due to excess water-soluble vitamin excretion)
  • Rare: mild gastrointestinal upset at very high doses

Contraindications

  • No significant contraindications; water-soluble excess is rapidly excreted
  • Caution in patients with known riboflavin sensitivity (rare)

Evidence notes

Riboflavin is an essential micronutrient with well-established biochemical roles and strong RCT evidence for migraine prophylaxis at higher doses. Decades of research confirm its necessity for human health and metabolic function.

Grade A: Multiple well-designed human trials support the main claims.

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Medical disclaimer. This page is educational and does not replace advice from a qualified healthcare provider.