Herbal Extract
Grapefruit Seed Extract
Also known as: GSE, Citrus paradisi seed extract, grapefruit seed powder
Grapefruit seed extract is a citrus-derived compound marketed for antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, though human clinical evidence remains limited. Most research has been conducted in vitro or in animal models rather than controlled human trials.
Primary uses
- Antimicrobial support
- Antioxidant support
- Immune system support
- Digestive health
How it works
- Contains polyphenols and flavonoids with potential antimicrobial activity
- May inhibit bacterial and fungal growth in laboratory settings
- Theoretical antioxidant effects from citrus bioflavonoids
Dosage
- Typical range
- 50-300 mg daily (varies widely; often 125-250 mg for powder)
- Timing
- With or without food; typically divided into 2-3 doses
- With food
- May be taken with or without food; some prefer with meals for tolerance
- Duration
- Typically used short-term (2-4 weeks) or cyclically; long-term safety data limited
- Special populations
- Pregnant/nursing women should consult provider; use cautiously in children
Forms
- Powder· 70/100
- Liquid extract· 70/100
- Capsule· 70/100
Safety
Common side effects
- Digestive upset (nausea, diarrhea)
- Allergic reactions (rare)
- Headache (uncommon)
Contraindications
- History of citrus allergy or sensitivity
- Concurrent use with medications sensitive to CYP3A4 inhibition (theoretical risk based on grapefruit juice literature, though GSE profile may differ)
- Pregnancy and lactation (insufficient safety data)
Evidence notes
Most evidence comes from in vitro and animal studies. Human clinical trials are sparse and methodologically limited. Safety is generally regarded as good based on traditional use, but efficacy claims for specific health conditions lack robust RCT support.
Grade C: Mostly observational or small trials; mechanism is plausible but unproven at scale.
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