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Vitamin

Folate (as Folic Acid)

Also known as: Folic acid, Vitamin B9, Pteroylmonoglutamate

A
Evidence

Folate is an essential B vitamin critical for DNA synthesis, cell division, and homocysteine metabolism. Folic acid is the synthetic form used in supplements and fortified foods.

Primary uses

  • Pregnancy and fetal development support
  • Homocysteine management
  • Red blood cell formation
  • DNA synthesis and cell division
  • Neurological function

How it works

  • Serves as a one-carbon donor in methylation and nucleotide synthesis pathways
  • Required for DNA replication and repair
  • Supports conversion of homocysteine to methionine

Dosage

Typical range
200-400 mcg daily (non-pregnant); 400-800 mcg daily (pregnant or planning pregnancy)
Timing
Any time of day
With food
With or without food
Duration
Safe for long-term use; particularly important during pregnancy and lactation
Special populations
Pregnant/lactating women should use 400-800 mcg daily. Individuals with MTHFR mutations or absorption issues may benefit from methylfolate form.

Forms

  • Folic acid (synthetic)· 70/100
  • Methylfolate (5-MTHF)· 70/100
  • Food folate· 70/100

Safety

Common side effects

  • Well-tolerated at recommended doses
  • High doses (>5000 mcg) may cause bitter taste, nausea

Contraindications

  • Undiagnosed pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency) — high folate may mask symptoms
  • Certain seizure medications (phenytoin, phenobarbital) — monitor carefully

Evidence notes

Strong RCT evidence supports folate supplementation in pregnancy for neural tube defect prevention. Good evidence for general DNA synthesis and cell division. Homocysteine-lowering effects are well-established.

Grade A: Multiple well-designed human trials support the main claims.

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Medical disclaimer. This page is educational and does not replace advice from a qualified healthcare provider.