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Fatty Acid

EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)

Also known as: eicosapentaenoic acid, icosapent, EPA omega-3, EPA

A
Evidence

EPA is a long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with strong evidence supporting cardiovascular and inflammatory benefits. It is commonly used for heart health, triglyceride reduction, and cognitive support.

Primary uses

  • Mood
  • Depression
  • Inflammation
  • Brain health
  • cardiovascular health
  • triglyceride reduction
  • inflammation management
  • cognitive function
  • mood support

How it works

  • reduces triglyceride synthesis in the liver
  • decreases platelet aggregation and blood clotting
  • modulates inflammatory eicosanoid production
  • supports neuronal cell membrane integrity and synaptic function

Dosage

Typical range
500–2,000 mg daily for general health; 2,000–4,000 mg daily for cardiovascular support
Timing
with meals to enhance absorption and reduce gastrointestinal side effects
With food
with food containing dietary fat for optimal bioavailability
Duration
benefits typically appear after 4–12 weeks of consistent supplementation; long-term use is safe
Special populations
higher doses (2,000+ mg daily) should be discussed with healthcare provider; pregnant/nursing women may benefit from EPA but should confirm dosing with provider

Forms

  • High-EPA fish oil
  • EPA-only
  • fish oil concentrate· 70/100
  • algae-derived· 70/100
  • ethyl ester· 70/100
  • triglyceride form· 70/100
  • prescription (Vascepa)· 70/100

Safety

Common side effects

  • fishy aftertaste
  • gastrointestinal upset
  • nausea
  • loose stools
  • mild bruising (rare)

Contraindications

  • bleeding disorders or use of anticoagulants (warfarin, dabigatran) at very high doses
  • fish or seafood allergy (fish oil forms)
  • upcoming surgery (may increase bleeding risk at very high doses)

Evidence notes

Multiple large-scale RCTs (including REDUCE-IT) demonstrate efficacy for triglyceride reduction and cardiovascular outcomes. Consistent evidence for anti-inflammatory effects and cognitive benefits from systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Grade A: Multiple well-designed human trials support the main claims.

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Medical disclaimer. This page is educational and does not replace advice from a qualified healthcare provider.