Nootropic
Piracetam
Also known as: 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide
Original racetam and most studied synthetic nootropic. Enhances communication between brain hemispheres.
Last reviewed June 2026 · Evidence graded from peer-reviewed research, not editorial opinion. Educational only — not medical advice.
Primary uses
- Memory
- Learning
- Verbal fluency
- Neuroprotection
How it works
- Modulates AMPA receptors
- Enhances membrane fluidity
- Improves inter-hemispheric communication
Dosage
- Typical range
- 1.2-4.8 g daily in divided doses
- Timing
- Divided 2-3x daily
- With food
- Optional
- Duration
- 2+ weeks for effects
- Special populations
- Cognitive enhancement, elderly
Forms
- Powder
- Capsules
Safety
Common side effects
- Headache (choline deficiency)
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
Contraindications
- None
Evidence notes
Most studied racetam
Grade B: Some human trials support key claims; further confirmation needed.
Related in Nootropic
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Medical disclaimer. This page is educational and does not replace advice from a qualified healthcare provider. Individual needs and risks vary — consult a professional before starting, stopping, or combining supplements, especially if you are pregnant or nursing, taking medication, or managing a health condition.