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Mineral

Copper (as Cupric Oxide)

Also known as: Copper, Cupric Oxide, Cu

A
Evidence

Copper is an essential trace mineral required for iron metabolism, collagen synthesis, and antioxidant enzyme function. It plays critical roles in energy production and immune function.

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Daily target & upper limit

0.9 mg / day · UL 10 mg

Copper (as Cupric Oxide) has an established daily reference intake. See best forms, label synonyms, upper-limit warnings, and top-scoring supplements:

Copper (as Cupric Oxide) dosage reference →

Primary uses

  • Cofactor for cytochrome c oxidase and other metalloenzymes
  • Iron metabolism and hemoglobin formation
  • Connective tissue synthesis
  • Antioxidant defense via superoxide dismutase

How it works

  • Required cofactor for multiple oxidative enzymes
  • Facilitates electron transfer in the electron transport chain
  • Essential for cross-linking collagen and elastin

Dosage

Typical range
1.5–3 mg daily
Timing
With meals
With food
Recommended to reduce GI upset and enhance absorption
Duration
Safe for long-term supplementation at recommended levels
Special populations
Avoid excessive intake in those with Wilson's disease or genetic copper metabolism disorders

Forms

  • Cupric oxide· 70/100
  • Copper gluconate· 70/100
  • Copper sulfate· 70/100

Safety

Common side effects

  • Nausea and GI upset at high doses
  • Metallic taste
  • Headache

Contraindications

  • Wilson's disease
  • Cholestasis or liver disease affecting copper excretion
  • Concurrent use of penicillamine without medical supervision

Products containing Copper (as Cupric Oxide)

Top-scoring supplements in our catalog that list Copper (as Cupric Oxide) on the label. Each product is graded on Formulate's ingredient-level rubric — dose accuracy, form, transparency, and third-party testing.

Thorne
Copper Bisglycinate
98
Thorne
Thyroid Health Complex (formerly Thyrocsin)
94
Thorne
Basic Nutrients 2/Day
93
Thorne
Basic Prenatal
93
See all products →

Evidence notes

Copper is an established essential mineral with well-characterized biochemical roles. Deficiency causes documented clinical symptoms; adequacy is supported by extensive metabolic research.

Grade A: Multiple well-designed human trials support the main claims.

Cited research for Copper (as Cupric Oxide)

Clinical studies referenced across Formulate guides that mention copper (as cupric oxide). Each links to the full study page with PubMed source + the guides that cite it.

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Medical disclaimer. This page is educational and does not replace advice from a qualified healthcare provider.