Skip to main content

Primary Research · 2025

Impact of Ginkgo biloba drug interactions on bleeding risk and coagulation profiles

Primary literature · Observational study, 2025

Key finding

Ginkgo + aspirin: bleeding risk OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.18, p<0.001); abnormal coagulation OR 1.48 (95% CI 1.32-1.66, p<0.001). Ginkgo + clopidogrel: bleeding risk OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.05-1.15, p<0.001); abnormal coagulation OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.40-1.77, p<0.001). Ginkgo + warfarin: NO statistically significant correlation with bleeding or coagulation.

Read the paper

Open source

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11991284/

About this page

Formulate maintains a registry of clinical studies cited across its guides and evidence grades. This page links the study metadata to the content that cites it — one canonical entry per landmark study.

The full citation chain is public so readers can verify claims without hunting through individual guide pages. Browse all cited studies →

Note: Study summaries on this page are editorial interpretations of the research. Always consult the primary source before drawing clinical conclusions.