Botanical
Echinacea
Also known as: Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, Purple coneflower
B
Evidence
Immune-stimulating herb that may reduce cold incidence and duration. Most evidence for E. purpurea preparations.
Primary uses
- Cold prevention
- Immune stimulation
- Upper respiratory infections
How it works
- Activates macrophages and NK cells
- Increases phagocytosis
- Modulates cytokine production
- May have direct antiviral effects
Dosage
- Typical range
- 300-500mg extract 3x daily, or as directed on product
- Timing
- At first symptom, continue for 7-10 days
- With food
- Either way
- Duration
- Short-term use (2-8 weeks), cycle on/off for prevention
- Special populations
- Adults, children with pediatric formulations
Forms
- E. purpurea aerial parts extract
- E. purpurea root extract
- Fresh-pressed juice
- Dried herb/capsules
Safety
Common side effects
- Rare: GI upset, rash
- Allergic reactions (daisy family allergy)
Contraindications
- Autoimmune diseases
- Ragweed/chrysanthemum allergy
- Immunosuppressant use
Known interactions
Evidence notes
Mixed but generally positive evidence for colds
Grade B: Some human trials support key claims; further confirmation needed.
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